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        Release: <span class="version-num">1.3.6</span>


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    <h1>SQLAlchemy 1.3 Documentation</h1>

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            <h3><a href="../index.html">SQLAlchemy 1.3 Documentation</a></h3>
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<div class="section" id="module-sqlalchemy.orm.session">
<span id="using-the-session"></span><span id="session-toplevel"></span><h1>Using the Session<a class="headerlink" href="#module-sqlalchemy.orm.session" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="mapping_api.html#sqlalchemy.orm.mapper" title="sqlalchemy.orm.mapper"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">orm.mapper()</span></code></a> function and <a class="reference internal" href="extensions/declarative/api.html#module-sqlalchemy.ext.declarative" title="sqlalchemy.ext.declarative"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">declarative</span></code></a> extensions
are the primary configurational interface for the ORM. Once mappings are
configured, the primary usage interface for persistence operations is the
<a class="reference internal" href="session_api.html#sqlalchemy.orm.session.Session" title="sqlalchemy.orm.session.Session"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Session</span></code></a>.</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="session_basics.html">Session Basics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_basics.html#what-does-the-session-do">What does the Session do ?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_basics.html#getting-a-session">Getting a Session</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_state_management.html#quickie-intro-to-object-states">Quickie Intro to Object States</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_state_management.html#session-attributes">Session Attributes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_state_management.html#session-referencing-behavior">Session Referencing Behavior</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_transaction.html#managing-transactions">Managing Transactions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_transaction.html#joining-a-session-into-an-external-transaction-such-as-for-test-suites">Joining a Session into an External Transaction (such as for test suites)</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence_techniques.html">Additional Persistence Techniques</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence_techniques.html#embedding-sql-insert-update-expressions-into-a-flush">Embedding SQL Insert/Update Expressions into a Flush</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence_techniques.html#using-sql-expressions-with-sessions">Using SQL Expressions with Sessions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence_techniques.html#forcing-null-on-a-column-with-a-default">Forcing NULL on a column with a default</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="persistence_techniques.html#bulk-operations">Bulk Operations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextual.html#implicit-method-access">Implicit Method Access</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextual.html#thread-local-scope">Thread-Local Scope</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextual.html#using-thread-local-scope-with-web-applications">Using Thread-Local Scope with Web Applications</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextual.html#using-custom-created-scopes">Using Custom Created Scopes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="contextual.html#contextual-session-api">Contextual Session API</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="session_events.html">Tracking Object and Session Changes with Events</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_events.html#persistence-events">Persistence Events</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_events.html#transaction-events">Transaction Events</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_events.html#attribute-change-events">Attribute Change Events</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="session_api.html">Session API</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_api.html#session-and-sessionmaker">Session and sessionmaker()</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_api.html#session-utilities">Session Utilities</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="session_api.html#attribute-and-state-management-utilities">Attribute and State Management Utilities</a></li>
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